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Nervous Tissue: Myelin

Nervous Tissue: Myelin

The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
Schwann cells begin to form myelin sheaths around axons during fetal development. They wrap around a small...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Preparation and Immunostaining of Myelinating Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Cultures

Preparation and Immunostaining of Myelinating Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Cultures

Published on: March 20, 2019

Enhancing myelination in a high-poxic environment.

Jun Yup Lee¹, Jonah R Chan¹

¹Weill Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.

|May 20, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

High-altitude animals possess a unique mutation in retinol saturase, an enzyme crucial for enhancing central nervous system myelination. This genetic adaptation helps maintain white matter integrity under chronic hypoxia.

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Preparation and Immunostaining of Myelinating Organotypic Cerebellar Slice Cultures

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Osmotic Pump-based Drug-delivery for In Vivo Remyelination Research on the Central Nervous System

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Published on: December 17, 2021

Area of Science:

Evolutionary genomics
Neuroscience
Physiology

Background:

Chronic hypoxia at high altitudes poses challenges to physiological functions.
Maintaining white matter integrity is critical for nervous system function.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the genetic mechanisms enabling high-altitude animals to withstand chronic hypoxia.
To identify adaptations that preserve white matter integrity in high-altitude mammals.

Main Methods:

Leveraging evolutionary genomics to compare species from different altitudes.
Analyzing genetic mutations associated with adaptation to hypoxic environments.

Main Results:

A specific mutation in retinol saturase was identified.
This mutation is enriched in mammalian species native to high-altitude regions.
The mutation enhances central nervous system myelination.

Conclusions:

The identified retinol saturase mutation is a key adaptation for high-altitude survival.
This genetic variation aids in maintaining neurological function under hypoxic conditions.