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Post pulmonary embolism syndrome following paediatric pulmonary embolism: a multicentre, retrospective cohort study

Marieke W Verweij1, C Heleen van Ommen2, Marije Diender3

  • 1Department of Paediatric Haematology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.

The Lancet. Haematology
|May 20, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Post pulmonary embolism syndrome affects a significant number of children, with prevalence decreasing over time. Factors like incomplete thrombus resolution and psychological distress are linked to physical limitations, highlighting the need for comprehensive care.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Cardiology
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a rare but serious pediatric condition.
  • Post-PE syndrome is well-documented in adults but poorly understood in children.
  • Understanding pediatric PE sequelae is crucial for personalized care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Determine the prevalence of post-PE syndrome in children.
  • Identify clinical factors associated with physical limitations post-PE in pediatric patients.

Main Methods:

  • Multicenter, retrospective cohort study of 178 children (0-18 years) treated for symptomatic PE.
  • Data extracted from electronic medical records (2012-2022).
  • Primary outcome: post-PE syndrome prevalence at 3 months, 1, and 2 years; Secondary outcome: physical restriction at 1 year.

Main Results:

  • Prevalence of post-PE syndrome was 35% at 3 months, 24% at 1 year, and 16% at 2 years.
  • Factors associated with physical limitations included incomplete thrombus resolution, PICU admission, high-risk PE, comorbidity, ongoing treatment, and psychological distress.
  • Regular exercise was inversely associated with physical limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Post-PE syndrome has a high prevalence in children.
  • Clinical factors, including psychological distress and physical limitations, necessitate comprehensive, multidisciplinary care for pediatric PE survivors.
Abstract

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