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Related Concept Videos

Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide02:44

Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide

Alkenes are converted to 1,2-diols or glycols through a process called dihydroxylation. It involves the addition of two hydroxyl groups across the double bond with two different stereochemical approaches, namely anti and syn. Dihydroxylation using osmium tetroxide progresses with syn stereochemistry.

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether
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Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Published on: August 17, 2019

Functionally Regulating the Oxygen Defects in High-Entropy Oxide Catalysts for Reverse Water-Gas Shift Conversion.

Ke Wang1,2, Rui Zhang1,2, Meng Zhao1,2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Resource Utilization, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130022, China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Functional modulation of oxygen defects, not just quantity, significantly impacts catalyst performance for the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction. Chromium incorporation optimizes defect ratios in high-entropy oxides, enhancing CO2 conversion.

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Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance
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Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance

Published on: September 5, 2018

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether
09:21

Tuning the Acidity of Pt/ CNTs Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Diphenyl Ether

Published on: August 17, 2019

Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance
08:12

Surface Functionalization of Metal-Organic Frameworks for Improved Moisture Resistance

Published on: September 5, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Catalysis
  • Materials Science
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Oxygen defects are crucial for catalytic processes like the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction.
  • Catalyst performance is traditionally linked to the quantity of oxygen defects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional modulation of oxygen defects beyond mere quantity adjustment.
  • To explore the role of chromium (Cr) in tailoring high-entropy oxide (HEO) catalysts for RWGS.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of spinel@rock salt core@shell high-entropy oxide (HEO) catalysts incorporating chromium.
  • Characterization of oxygen defect types and their roles in CO2 adsorption and dissociation.
  • Evaluation of catalytic performance for the RWGS reaction at 350 °C.

Main Results:

  • A Cr-modified HEO catalyst achieved 28.9% CO2 conversion in the RWGS reaction, nearing thermodynamic equilibrium.
  • Two distinct types of oxygen defects were identified, responsible for CO2 adsorption and dissociation.
  • Chromium incorporation effectively optimized the ratio of these functional oxygen defects.

Conclusions:

  • Functional modulation of oxygen defects is more critical than quantity for RWGS catalysis.
  • Cr-engineered HEOs with optimized oxygen defect ratios show enhanced catalytic activity.
  • This study provides insights into designing advanced catalysts by controlling defect functionality.