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Related Concept Videos

Cell Signaling in Plants01:25

Cell Signaling in Plants

Plant cells communicate to coordinate their cycle of growth, flowering and fruiting, and activities in roots, shoots, and leaves in response to the changing environmental conditions. Plant signaling is distinct from animal signaling. Plants primarily utilize enzyme-linked receptors, whereas the largest class of cell-surface receptors in animals are G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). Unlike animals, receptor tyrosine kinases are rare in plants. Instead, plants have a diverse class of...
Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
Contact-dependent Signaling01:19

Contact-dependent Signaling

Contact-dependent signaling, as the name suggests, requires that communicating cells be in direct contact with each other. This is achieved either through receptor-ligand interactions or by specialized cytoplasmic channels that allow the flow of small molecules between cells. In animal cells, channels called gap junctions facilitate contact-dependent signaling in certain tissues, whereas, plasmodesmata perform a similar function in plants.
Gap Junctions
In animal cells, gap junctions are formed...
Cell Adhesion in Plants01:14

Cell Adhesion in Plants

Plants have rigid cell walls that are made up of cell wall polysaccharides that mediate cell-cell adhesion. The primary cell walls of plants consist of two independent and interacting polysaccharide networks: a pectin matrix that embeds the second network comprising cellulose and hemicelluloses.
Pectins are complex heteropolymers mainly composed of negatively-charged α-D-glucopyranosyl uronic acid and some neutral glycosyl residues such as α-L-rhamnopyranose, α-L-arabinofuranose, and...
Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Meristems and Plant Growth02:36

Meristems and Plant Growth

Plants grow throughout their lives; this is called indeterminate growth, and it distinguishes plants from most animals. Although certain parts of plants stop growing (e.g., leaves and flowers), others grow continuously—like roots and stems.

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Wide-Field, Real-Time Imaging of Local and Systemic Wound Signals in Arabidopsis
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Long-Range Signals Built upon Plant Structural Continuity.

Hiraku Suda1, Takuma Hagihara1, Satoshi Ogawa1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Saitama University, Saitama, Japan;

Annual Review of Plant Biology
|May 20, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plants use electrical, calcium, and chemical signals for long-range communication, unlike animal neural networks. Recent advances reveal how these plant signals integrate to coordinate systemic responses across distant organs.

Keywords:
action potentialbiosensorcalcium signalvariation potentialxylem flow

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Cellular Signaling
  • Systemic Plant Responses

Background:

  • Plants utilize complex signaling pathways, integrating electrical, calcium, and chemical signals for long-range communication.
  • Unlike animals' neural connections, plants rely on specialized structures like plasmodesmata and vascular bundles for signal transduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding plant-specific long-range signal mechanisms.
  • To emphasize the initiation, propagation, and integration of diverse signals throughout the plant body.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing traditional electrical potential measurements.
  • Employing modern bioimaging techniques, including genetically encoded fluorescent indicators.
  • Analyzing signal integration across biological, chemical, and physical processes.

Main Results:

  • Improved understanding of long-range signal mechanisms in species like Arabidopsis thaliana, Mimosa pudica, and Dionaea muscipula.
  • Development of integrated models encompassing ion channel activities, compound diffusion, and hydraulic signals.
  • New insights into how plants coordinate systemic responses across spatially distant organs.

Conclusions:

  • Technological advancements have significantly enhanced the elucidation of plant long-range signaling.
  • Integrated models provide a comprehensive view of plant communication.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for comprehending plant coordination and systemic responses.