AI-driven green processing and life cycle assessment for sustainable perovskite solar cells

Despite rapid advances in perovskite solar cells, solvent selection remains a central determinant of safety, process robustness, and end-of-life outcomes. These constraints are multi-dimensional and involve competing trade-offs, making them challenging to resolve through experimental optimization alone. This Perspective integrates green solvent engineering with artificial intelligence (AI) and life cycle assessment (LCA) to provide a unified sustainability framework. We discuss solvent-precursor coordination and processing-window robustness as governing factors. We also highlight how AI can accelerate solvent discovery and reduce key life cycle inventory gaps, while LCA quantifies trade-offs and mitigates burden shifting. This combined lens clarifies sustainability-relevant priorities for the field.