Evaluating patients' trust in health information based on different dimensions of trust

The rapid expansion of online platforms has changed how patients access health information, shifting the challenge from obtaining data to discerning which content is more trustworthy and personalized. While health care professionals remain the most trusted source, relying solely on them is no longer sufficient for personalized care in the digital era. This study examines how source type (interpersonal vs. web-based), transparency (presence vs. absence of evidence), and interactivity (static vs. dynamic engagement) shape patients' trust in health information. A 2 × 2 × 2 vignette-based experiment with 517 U.S. adults tested these effects. Participants reported higher trust in interpersonal and transparent sources, whereas interactivity alone showed no main effect. However, a significant three-way interaction revealed that trust peaked when interpersonal sources were transparent and interactive and was lowest when web-based systems were non-transparent and low-interactive. Interactivity partially compensated for low transparency in digital contexts. These findings underscore the need for multidimensional trust-building strategies in digital health communication. Integrating transparency and interactivity across platforms enables patients to better identify trustworthy information, thereby enhancing personalized engagement and improving health outcomes.