Nutraceuticals as modulators of genetic, epigenetic and hormonal factors in obesity

Obesity is caused by a combination of complex genetic and environmental factors. Although changing one's lifestyle remains the foundation of therapy, forthcoming research suggests that nutraceuticals may also have an impact on the molecular pathways underlying weight regulation. The impact of particular nutraceuticals on the genetics, epigenetics of genes and hormones associated with obesity is thoroughly examined in this review. We integrated results from human clinical trials, in vivo and in vitro research. According to our research, epigenetic processes, including DNA methylation, histone modification and modulation of microRNA activity, are the primary mechanisms by which these nutraceuticals alter gene expression and hormonal balance. Additionally, their anti-inflammatory qualities and capacity to regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines were examined. Based on this research, nutraceuticals that target the genetic and epigenetic landscape have great potential as complementary therapy in the prevention and control of obesity. To clarify the best dosages, long-term effects and therapeutic efficacy in various populations, more research is necessary.