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Spatial dependence in road dust lead accumulation: quantifying the contribution of urban structural variables using
Mohammad Hossein Mirshekari1, Elham Chavoshi2, Atefeh Chamani3
1Department of Soil Science, Isf.C., Islamic Azad University, Isfahan, Iran.
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment
|May 20, 2026
Summary
Urban structure significantly impacts lead (Pb) dust contamination in arid regions. Road networks and built-up areas drive Pb accumulation, while fragmentation may reduce it, highlighting spatial spillover effects.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Science
- Urban Ecology
- Geochemistry
Background:
- Urbanization concentrates potentially toxic elements like lead (Pb) in surface dust.
- Understanding urban morphology's influence on Pb accumulation in road dust is crucial, especially in arid environments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate how urban structure and landscape configuration affect Pb enrichment in road dust.
- To identify key drivers of Pb accumulation in arid-region urban settlements.
Main Methods:
- Collected road dust samples from 70 urban and 30 non-urban locations in Isfahan Province, Iran.
- Analyzed Pb concentrations and applied a spatial lag model with 12 predictors (built-up intensity, road networks, fragmentation, soil properties).
Main Results:
- Urban road dust Pb concentrations were over four times higher than non-urban levels.
- The spatial lag model explained 93.4% of Pb excess variance, driven by road length and built-up proportion.
- Nighttime light intensity and soil CaCO3 were significant positive predictors; fragmentation showed a negative association.
Conclusions:
- Pb contamination in arid urban dust is influenced by local urban structure and significant spatial spillover effects.
- Road networks and built-up intensity are primary drivers of Pb accumulation.
- Landscape fragmentation may play a mitigating role in Pb dust contamination.
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