Application of Health Examination in Early Screening of Tumors

Early detection of tumors constitutes a cornerstone of cancer prevention and control. Medical assessments alongside emerging screening modalities provide a foundational framework that facilitates early detection and contributes to reductions in both morbidity and mortality. In this review, we synthesize the principal screening approaches, including imaging techniques (low-dose CT, ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging), biomarkers (tumor markers, liquid biopsy), endoscopy, and molecular pathology, with the objective of identifying high-risk individuals and enabling early cancer diagnosis. Notwithstanding these advances, several challenges persist. False-positive results may precipitate overdiagnosis and overtreatment, whereas false negatives can lead to diagnostic oversight. Public awareness of screening benefits remains limited, and inequitable access to medical resources-particularly across geographic regions-constitutes an additional barrier. Furthermore, screening protocols necessitate tailored implementation: elderly and high-risk populations warrant more frequent screening, whereas the general population must carefully consider the balance between benefits and risks at appropriate screening intervals. Future screening programs are anticipated to incorporate personalized strategies grounded in risk stratification and biomarker profiling, augmented by artificial intelligence-driven image analysis, thereby enhancing both specificity and operational efficiency. The integration of mobile health technologies and individualized screening models holds substantial promise for improving access, optimizing resource allocation, and ultimately expanding the capacity for early tumor detection.