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Small-bore gradient coil design with plate-rolling error correction for use in micro-MRI.

Guyue Zhou¹, Yaohui Wang², Wenchen Wang³

¹Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China; School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, PR China.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

|May 20, 2026

Summary

A new mid-surface approach improves magnetic field accuracy in high-field MRI gradient coils. This method reduces manufacturing distortions, enhancing design-to-fabrication consistency for better imaging quality.

Keywords:

Boundary element method (BEM)Gradient coil Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)Superconducting magnet

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

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Area of Science:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Biomedical Engineering
Electromagnetism

Background:

High-field MRI requires precise gradient coil performance for accurate spatial encoding.
Conventional manufacturing methods, like copper-plate cutting and bending, introduce geometric distortions, leading to magnetic field deviations.
These deviations compromise the fidelity between the designed and as-built gradient fields.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a high-precision engineering approach to minimize discrepancies between designed and as-built MRI gradient coil magnetic fields.
To enhance the accuracy of gradient-field generation and spatial encoding in high-field MRI systems.
To improve the consistency between gradient coil design and fabrication.

Main Methods:

Proposed a mid-surface-based approach, defining 3D current paths directly on the cylindrical mid-surface of the conductor.
Eliminated the need for planar unfolding and subsequent bending assumptions inherent in conventional methods.
Demonstrated the methodology on an X-gradient coil for a 7T MRI magnet and validated with finite-element simulations.

Main Results:

The mid-surface extrusion approach significantly improved magnetic field fidelity, reducing maximum field deviation from 10.92% to 3.71%.
Simulations showed substantial improvements in magnetic field fidelity compared to conventional methods.
Fabricated prototype coils for X, Y, and Z axes achieved coefficients of determination (R²) > 0.997, confirming high accuracy.

Conclusions:

The mid-surface-based approach offers a higher-fidelity conversion from design patterns to manufacturable gradient coils.
This method leads to improved as-built field accuracy and enhanced design-to-fabrication consistency.
The findings are crucial for compact high-field MRI gradient systems demanding precise magnetic field generation.