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Potential Risk Factors for Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return: National Birth Defects Prevention Study,
Eva M Williford1, Jada M Scott1, Jeffrey Dayton2
1Birth Defects Registry, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, USA.
Birth Defects Research
|May 21, 2026
Summary
Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is linked to younger maternal age and prior births. Maternal fish consumption may offer protection against this rare heart defect, warranting further study.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Birth Defects Research
Background:
- Total anomalous pulmonary venous return (TAPVR) is a rare congenital heart defect where pulmonary veins drain abnormally.
- This condition requires timely diagnosis and intervention for affected infants.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate maternal demographic, health history, and medication use factors associated with TAPVR.
- To explore potential protective factors, such as diet, for TAPVR.
Main Methods:
- Utilized data from the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (NBDPS) and Birth Defects Study To Evaluate Pregnancy exposureS (BD-STEPS).
- Employed logistic regression to analyze 22 potential risk factors and random forest for exploratory analysis of 163 factors.
- Calculated crude and adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for associations.
Main Results:
- Younger maternal age (<25 years), previous live births, and multiple gestations were associated with increased TAPVR risk.
- Non-Hispanic White mothers had a higher risk compared to Non-Hispanic Black mothers; other racial/ethnic groups also showed varied risks.
- Maternal fish consumption showed a potential inverse association with TAPVR in exploratory analysis.
Conclusions:
- Confirmed associations between TAPVR and younger maternal age and prior births.
- Maternal fish consumption may have a protective effect against TAPVR, meriting additional research.
- Findings highlight the importance of maternal factors in the etiology of congenital heart defects.
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