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Updated: May 22, 2026

Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice

Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice

Published on: August 6, 2019

Comparative Circulating Interleukin-6 Levels in Human and Mouse Periodontitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Jeong-Min Lee¹, Kyeongho Lee¹, June Yeon Kim¹

¹Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.

|May 21, 2026

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Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is elevated in periodontitis patients and animal models. However, IL-6 levels are significantly higher in mouse models, especially those using ligature induction, potentially overestimating systemic inflammation.

Area of Science:

Periodontology
Immunology
Biomedical Research

Background:

Periodontitis is a prevalent inflammatory disease affecting the gums and supporting structures.
Systemic inflammation, indicated by circulating biomarkers like interleukin-6 (IL-6), is associated with periodontitis.
Mouse models are frequently used to study periodontitis and its systemic effects.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantitatively compare circulating IL-6 levels in human periodontitis and various mouse models.
To assess how different experimental induction methods in mice influence systemic inflammatory responses.
To evaluate potential overestimation of systemic inflammation in preclinical periodontitis research.

Main Methods:

Systematic review and meta-analysis adhering to PRISMA guidelines.

Keywords:

interleukin‐6 meta‐analysis periodontitis systemic inflammation

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Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice

Inducing Apical Periodontitis in Mice

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Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils

Robust Ligature-Induced Model of Murine Periodontitis for the Evaluation of Oral Neutrophils

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Inclusion of studies reporting IL-6 levels in human periodontitis (Stage III+) and control groups.

Inclusion of mouse studies utilizing ligation or inoculation models for periodontitis induction.

Main Results:

Thirty-eight studies (26 human, 12 mouse) were analyzed.
Periodontitis significantly elevated circulating IL-6 in both humans (SMD=1.57) and mice (SMD=3.79).
Mouse models, particularly ligature-induced ones (SMD=4.39), showed significantly greater IL-6 elevation compared to humans and inoculation models.

Conclusions:

Circulating IL-6 is a reliable biomarker for periodontitis across species.
Ligature-induced mouse models may exaggerate systemic inflammatory responses compared to human periodontitis.
Preclinical studies using specific mouse models should consider potential overestimation of systemic inflammation.