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Three-Dimensional Mapping of the Rotation of Interactive Virtual Objects with Eye-Tracking Data

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Mental rotation performance after acute stress.

Anthony E Richardson¹, Melissa M VanderKaay Tomasulo²

¹School of Natural and Health Science, Psychology and Health Science Programs, Saint Michael's College, One Winooski Park, Colchester, VT, 05439, USA.

|May 21, 2026

Summary

Acute stress did not impact mental rotation performance. This study found no significant effect of a laboratory stressor on spatial reasoning tasks, suggesting stress does not impair mental rotation abilities.

Keywords:

Acute stress Affect Cardiovascular reactivity Mental Rotation Task Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task Sympathetic adrenal medulla (SAM) axis activation

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Human Performance

Background:

Mental rotation is crucial for daily activities and professions.
The effect of acute stress on spatial reasoning, particularly mental rotation, is not well understood.
Previous research on stress and spatial performance yielded mixed results.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of acute laboratory stress on mental rotation performance.
To examine cardiovascular indicators of Sympathetic Adrenal Medulla (SAM) activation during a stressor.
To assess the impact of stress on mental rotation accuracy and response time.

Main Methods:

Participants were divided into Stress (Paced Serial Addition Task [PASAT]) and Control groups.
Mental Rotation Task (MRT) performance was assessed before and after the stressor/control condition.
Cardiovascular measures and self-reported affect were collected to confirm stress induction.

Main Results:

The stressor effectively increased negative affect and systolic blood pressure, confirming SAM activation.
A practice effect improved MRT speed and accuracy for all participants.
Stress did not significantly influence mental rotation speed or accuracy, nor did it alter sex differences in performance.

Conclusions:

Acute laboratory stress, as induced by PASAT, does not appear to affect mental rotation performance.
Future research should explore physical stressors or Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal (HPA) axis activation on mental rotation.
Further studies are needed in professional contexts involving high-pressure rotation tasks.