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Latent Class Analysis of Substance Use and Behavioral Addictions in Adolescents
Gema Aonso-Diego1, Ana Estévez1
1Department of Psychology. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Deusto.
Background:
Given the high co-occurrence of substance use and behavioral addictions among adolescents, person-centered approaches are essential to identify distinct subgroups. This study aimed to identify latent classes based on substance use and behavioral addictions, and to examine differences in psychopathological symptoms across these classes.
Methods:
A total of 1,189 participants, aged between 14 and 18 years (Mage = 15.64 years, SD = 1.08, 52.5% female) completed a battery of questionnaires. A latent class analysis (LCA) was performed based on several addictive behaviors, including past-month substance use (binge drinking, tobacco, cannabis) and problematic behavioral addictions (gambling, gaming, and smartphone use).
Results:
The LCA suggested a three-class solution: Class 1 (n = 793, "low-risk/normative users"), Class 2 (n = 280, "Technology-oriented users"), and Class 3 (n = 113 "High-risk polysubstance and behavioral users"). Participants assigned to Class 1 reported lower levels of psychopathological symptoms, whereas the symptoms reported by Classes 2 and 3 differed only minimally.
Conclusion:
These findings highlight the need for integrated, person-centered interventions that address both substance-related and behavioral addictions, with a focus on the specific psychopathological profiles of each subgroup.
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