Chrysin against Endocrine and Reproductive Systems Impairment: Current Evidence and Future Perspectives

Endocrine and reproductive disorders are major global health challenges, often associated with by oxidative stress, inflammation, and hormonal imbalances. Conventional treatments can be limited by adverse effects and suboptimal efficacy, highlighting the need for potentially effective natural compounds with therapeutic potential. Chrysin, a flavonoid found in honey, propolis, and passionflower, exhibits significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and hormone-modulating properties. Preclinical studies indicate that chrysin improves spermatogenesis, testosterone levels, and testicular function in males, supports ovarian health and hormonal regulation in females, and ameliorates dysfunctions of endocrine organs such as the pancreas and thyroid, contributing to enhanced metabolic and hormonal balance. However, its clinical utility is limited by poor solubility, low oral bioavailability, and rapid metabolism. Recent advances in nanoformulations have enhanced its pharmacokinetic profile and therapeutic performance, offering promising strategies for future clinical application. This review summarizes current evidence on chrysin's protective and therapeutic roles in endocrine and reproductive disorders and highlights directions for future translational and clinical research.