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Published on: July 26, 2022
Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes in Multicellular Regulation and Retinal Homeostasis Maintenance
Bing Yang Lv1, Anhuai Yang1, Xuan Xiao2
1Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
Abstract:
Retinal degenerative diseases like AMD and DR lead to irreversible vision loss through disrupted homeostasis. Mesenchymal Stem Cell-derived Exosomes (MSC-Exo), as a cell-free therapy, demonstrate significant potential in restoring retinal balance via multi-target regulation. This review elucidates the protective effects of MSC-Exo on key retinal cells, including pigment epithelium, endothelial cells, Müller glia, microglia, and ganglion cells, and specifically examines its role in modulating shared cellular pathways such as PI3K/AKT-Nrf2. It highlights a therapeutic cascade from vascular repair and anti-inflammation to neuroprotection, which coordinates intercellular interactions and promotes holistic retinal recovery. Finally, the review discusses the challenges and future clinical prospects of MSC-Exo-based therapies.
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