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Updated: May 22, 2026

Oxygenation-sensitive Cardiac MRI with Vasoactive Breathing Maneuvers for the Non-invasive Assessment of Coronary Microvascular Dysfunction
Published on: August 17, 2022
Myocardial oxygen consumption, myocardial efficiency, and mechanical efficiency: A review across pathologic and
Julia A Pierson1, Ludmil Mitrev1,2, Jeffrey C Hill3
1Cooper Medical School of Rowan University, Camden, New Jersey, USA.
Abstract:
Myocardial work and oxygen consumption (MVO2) are tightly coupled. The patient's physiological state, presence of disease, heart rate, and microvascular control of oxygen delivery all combine to maintain this relationship. The myocardial efficiency (MyoEff) of the heart is determined by the ratio of stroke-work (SW) divided by MVO2, whereas mechanical efficiency (ME) is derived from the left ventricular pressure-volume loop construct and is the ratio of SW to pressure-volume area. The need to collect invasive data limited the ability to perform human studies, but the development of noninvasive tools such as positron emission tomography (PET) combined with echocardiography led to a resurgence in this field of study. We summarize the current understanding of the significance of MyoEff and ME as outcomes predictors after aortic valve replacement and as parameters in cardiovascular health, highlighting their potential for improving risk stratification and guiding prophylactic interventions.
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