Molecular Identification of Toxoplasma gondii Isolates From Spontaneous Abortion Placentas in Women in Eastern Iran

Toxoplasma gondii is a globally prevalent protozoan parasite associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, including miscarriage and congenital abnormalities. This study investigated the molecular presence of T. gondii in placental tissues from women with spontaneous abortion and explored potential associated risk factors in Birjand, Eastern Iran.

A total of 100 placental or fetal tissue samples were collected from women with confirmed spontaneous abortion during 2022-2023. Genomic DNA was extracted and analyzed using nested PCR targeting the B1 gene of T. gondii. Demographic, obstetric, and behavioral data were also collected and statistically analyzed.

T. gondii DNA was detected in 8% of samples. A significant association was observed between infection and contact with domestic animals, including pet care (p < 0.05). No significant relationships were identified with maternal age, place of residence, or prior abortion history (p > 0.05). Notably, all positive cases were identified in pregnancies beyond 8 weeks of gestation (p < 0.05), suggesting an increased detectability or susceptibility in later gestational stages.

These findings indicate that T. gondii infection may contribute to a subset of spontaneous abortions in this region. The results highlight the importance of targeted preventive strategies, including improved hygiene practices and awareness regarding animal exposure. Further large-scale studies integrating both molecular and serological approaches are warranted to better elucidate the role of T. gondii in adverse pregnancy outcomes.