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Case Report: Beyond conventional diagnostics: mNGS support in a complex immunocompromised patient diagnosis
Rossana Scutari1, Valeria Fox1, Martina Mastropaolo1
1Multimodal Laboratory Research Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy.
Frontiers in Medicine
|May 21, 2026
Summary
Next-generation metagenomic sequencing (mNGS) identified rare pathogens in an immunocompromised patient with complex infections. This advanced molecular technique offers crucial diagnostic insights for severe cases, improving patient outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Genomics
- Immunology
Background:
- Standard microbiological methods have limitations in diagnosing complex infections, especially in immunocompromised individuals.
- Histopathological findings suggested granulomatous inflammation with alcohol-resistant bacilli, but conventional tests were inconclusive.
- A severe immune deficiency, including depletion of CD8+ T cells and NK cells, complicated the clinical presentation.
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