Risk factors for kidney stone recurrence and early prediction models: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Urology
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Kidney stone disease (KSD) recurrence presents a significant clinical challenge.
• There is limited systematic evidence on independent risk factors and early prediction models for KSD recurrence.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically evaluate independent risk factors for KSD recurrence.
• To assess the feasibility of early prediction models for KSD recurrence.

Main Methods:

• Systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases until July 2024.
• Inclusion of 18 studies on risk factors and 12 on prediction models.
• Risk of bias appraisal using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.

Main Results:

• Younger age, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and family history of KSD were identified as independent risk factors.
• Current prediction models primarily utilize these common clinical characteristics.
• The area under the curve for recurrence prediction was 0.71 (training) and 0.69 (validation).

Conclusions:

• Independent risk factors for postoperative KSD recurrence have been identified.
• Existing prediction models based on these factors show limitations in predictive performance.
• Future models require more efficient predictive factors to enhance accuracy for KSD recurrence.