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Related Concept Videos

Heterogeneous Catalysis01:22

Heterogeneous Catalysis

Heterogeneous catalysis involves a catalyst in a different phase from the reactants. It is a process where the catalyst and the reactants are in distinct phases, typically solid and gas or liquid.Most heterogeneous catalysts are metals, metal oxides, or acids. The list includes transition metals like iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), tungsten (W), silver (Ag), and copper (Cu). These metals possess partially vacant d orbitals that...
Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
Catalysis02:50

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.
Catalysis01:27

Catalysis

Catalysis influences the rate of chemical reactions by providing an alternative reaction pathway with lower activation energy. A catalyst speeds up a reaction, but it is not consumed during the process. The fundamental principle of catalysis is the ability of a catalyst to alter the reaction mechanism, often introducing a more efficient pathway than the uncatalyzed process.In a catalyzed reaction, the catalyst participates directly in the reaction mechanism. It interacts with reactants to form...
Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
Chymotrypsin is a pancreatic enzyme that breaks down proteins during digestion. The...
Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis01:13

Introduction to Mechanisms of Enzyme Catalysis

For many years, scientists thought that enzyme-substrate binding took place in a simple "lock-and-key" fashion. This model stated that the enzyme and substrate fit together perfectly in one instantaneous step. However, current research supports a more refined view scientists call induced fit. The induced-fit model expands upon the lock-and-key model by describing a more dynamic interaction between enzyme and substrate. As the enzyme and substrate come together, their interaction causes a mild...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions
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In Situ SIMS and IR Spectroscopy of Well-defined Surfaces Prepared by Soft Landing of Mass-selected Ions

Published on: June 16, 2014

Defect engineering within clusters to enhance cluster-support interaction boosts catalytic performance.

Jiankang Chen1, Yangping Wang1, Yu Zhang1

  • 1Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology, Department of Chemistry and Centre for Atomic Engineering of Advanced Materials, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Inorganic/Organic Hybrid Functionalized Materials, Anhui University Hefei Anhui 230601 China gaoguiqi1@126.com yangshac@ahu.edu.cn.

Chemical Science
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Creating defects in gold clusters significantly enhances their interaction with support materials. This defect engineering boosts catalytic activity, offering a new strategy for designing advanced heterogeneous catalysts.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Catalysis
  • Surface Chemistry

Background:

  • Supported cluster catalysts enhance mass and electron transfer for improved performance.
  • Regular cluster morphology limits adsorption, necessitating stronger metal-support interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of surface defects on cluster-support interactions and catalytic activity.
  • To develop a novel approach for enhancing heterogeneous catalysts.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a defective gold cluster (Au40) by modifying a parent cluster (Au44) with phosphine.
  • Loaded both clusters onto various supports and evaluated interaction strengths.
  • Utilized experimental and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations.
  • Assessed catalytic activity using the hydrogenation of 4-nitrophenol.

Main Results:

  • Defects in the Au40 cluster enhanced its interaction with support materials.
  • The Au40 system exhibited significantly higher catalytic activity (approx. 4x) compared to the Au44 system.
  • DFT calculations corroborated the experimental findings on enhanced interaction.

Conclusions:

  • Surface defects on clusters are an effective strategy to strengthen cluster-support interactions.
  • This defect engineering approach provides a novel pathway for developing high-performance cluster-based heterogeneous catalysts.