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Organoids: From Bench to Bedside Applications.

Kelin Li¹, Rui Cao², Maochen Li¹

¹College of Life Science and Technology Beijing University of Chemical Technology Beijing China.

|May 21, 2026

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Organoid models offer advanced 3D platforms for studying human tissues and virus-host interactions. This review highlights organoid advancements in virology, disease modeling, and drug development, paving the way for translational medicine.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Research
Virology
Stem Cell Technology

Background:

Organoids are 3D stem cell-derived models mimicking human tissue structure and complexity.
They overcome limitations of 2D cultures, offering physiologically relevant platforms for research.
Organoids are crucial for studying virus-host interactions and pathogenesis under near-physiological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review key advancements in organoid-based virology.
To explore organoid applications in disease modeling (cancer, neurological disorders) and drug development.
To discuss integration with emerging technologies and propose strategies for broader adoption.

Main Methods:

Systematic review of organoid technology in virology and disease modeling.

Keywords:

organoids pathogenesis stem cells

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Analysis of organoid utility for culturing difficult pathogens (e.g., HRV-C, NoV).

Examination of organoid applications in studying viral infections (e.g., SARS-CoV-2, ZIKV) and antiviral screening.

Main Results:

Organoids enable propagation of hard-to-culture viruses and provide insights into viral pathogenesis.
Successful modeling of SARS-CoV-2 and ZIKV infections using organoid systems.
Demonstrated translational utility for antiviral drug screening and preclinical assessments.

Conclusions:

Organoid technology significantly advances biomedical research, particularly in virology and disease modeling.
Integration with technologies like CRISPR and 3D bioprinting holds immense potential.
Addressing challenges like immune component inclusion and vascularization will accelerate organoid adoption in translational medicine.