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Microbial processes in geological carbon sequestration: Mechanisms, methods, and engineering implications.

Liangchao Huang1,2,3, Zhengmeng Hou1,2, Jianhua Liu3

  • 1Institute of Subsurface Energy Systems, Clausthal University of Technology, 38678 Clausthal Zellerfeld, Germany.

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Summary

Microorganisms play a crucial role in geological carbon sequestration (GCS) by influencing CO2 behavior. Understanding these microbial processes is vital for effective carbon stabilization and reducing storage risks.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Geochemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Geological carbon sequestration (GCS) is a critical strategy for climate change mitigation.
  • Subsurface microorganisms significantly influence the behavior of injected CO2.
  • Key microbial processes include biomethanation, bioliquefaction, and biomineralization.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review major microbial processes in GCS.
  • To evaluate microbial effects on carbon stabilization, resource reuse, and storage risks.
  • To provide a multi-scale framework for studying microbially mediated GCS.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of microbial distribution and functions in geological reservoirs.
  • Synthesis of laboratory, numerical, and field approaches.
  • Review of engineering strategies, site selection, monitoring, and risk control.

Main Results:

  • Microbial activities can enhance carbon stabilization and resource reutilization.
  • Understanding microbial roles is essential for managing storage risks.
  • A multi-scale framework integrates various study approaches for microbially mediated GCS.

Conclusions:

  • Microbial mechanisms are integral to safer and more effective GCS.
  • This review offers practical guidance for GCS deployment.
  • Future research should address current technical challenges and priorities.