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Related Concept Videos

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport01:17

Pore Transport and Ion-Pair Transport

Pore transport and ion-pair formation are critical mechanisms for the absorption and distribution of drugs in the body.
Pore transport, also known as convective transport, is a process where small molecules like urea, water, and sugars rapidly cross cell membranes as though there were channels or pores in the membrane. Although direct microscopic evidence is limited  but the concept of pores or channels is widely accepted based on physiological evidence. Despite the lack of direct microscopic...
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow specific...
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
Facilitated Transport01:19

Facilitated Transport

The chemical and physical properties of plasma membranes cause them to be selectively permeable. Since plasma membranes have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions, substances need to be able to transverse both regions. The hydrophobic area of membranes repels substances such as charged ions. Therefore, such substances need special membrane proteins to cross a membrane successfully. In  facilitated transport, also known as facilitated diffusion, molecules and ions travel across a membrane via...
Transport Number01:31

Transport Number

The transport number is the fraction of the total current carried by an ion in an electrolyte solution. It is defined as the ratio of the current carried by a specific ion to the total current flowing through the solution. The transport number, t, is central to understanding ionic mobility, which describes how fast an ion moves under the influence of an electric field. This link connects the physical behavior of ions in solution to the chemical processes that occur during electrochemical...

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Updated: May 22, 2026

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores
09:43

Fine-tuning the Size and Minimizing the Noise of Solid-state Nanopores

Published on: October 31, 2013

Tuning the Ion Transfer Behavior to Approaching Near-Unity Li+ Transference via Pore Engineering.

Xingkai Jia1,2, Hongwei Pan3, Yu Xia1,2

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs) using sub-nanometer pore functionalization. These QSSEs enhance ion transport for advanced electrochemical energy storage and lithium-metal batteries (LMBs).

Keywords:
lithium metal batterymetal–organic frameworksolid‐state electrolytesub‐nanometer pore

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Efficient ion transport is crucial for electrochemical energy storage.
  • Quasi-solid-state electrolytes (QSSEs) offer potential for safer and more efficient batteries.
  • Controlling ion pathways at the nanoscale is key to improving electrolyte performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To create QSSEs with continuous and low-barrier Li+ pathways.
  • To optimize ion transport by tuning pore geometry and chemical functionality.
  • To enhance performance in lithium-metal batteries (LMBs).

Main Methods:

  • Concurrent tuning of sub-nanometer pore geometric space and chemical functionality.
  • Limiting solvent entry and shortening Li+ migration distances via pore confinement.
  • Utilizing electronegative coordination sites to optimize solvation structure and suppress anion migration.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high ionic conductivity (2.33 mS cm-1) and a high Li+ transference number (0.90) at room temperature.
  • Demonstrated Li+-dominant conduction with suppressed anion migration.
  • Enabled superior rate capability and long-term cycling stability in lithium-metal batteries.

Conclusions:

  • Sub-nanometer pore functionalization is a viable strategy for designing high-performance electrolytes.
  • The developed QSSEs represent a promising direction for next-generation energy storage.
  • The study offers new insights into ion transport behavior in confined nanoscale environments.