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Related Concept Videos

Huntington Disease l: Introduction01:21

Huntington Disease l: Introduction

Huntington disease or HD is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative disorder inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern.PathophysiologyIt is caused by expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat in the HTT gene on chromosome 4 (4p16.3), producing an abnormal huntingtin protein with an expanded polyglutamine tract. This misfolded protein disrupts cellular function, leading to neuronal death. Normal alleles have ≤26 repeats, 27–35 are intermediate (risk of expansion), 36–39 show reduced penetrance,...
Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:24

Parkinson Disease ll: Pathophysiology

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder primarily affecting movement, with additional non-motor features. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, and cellular dysfunction, including dopaminergic neuron loss, protein aggregation, and mitochondrial impairment.Selective NeurodegenerationA key feature is the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, leading to reduced...
Parkinson Disease l: Introduction01:24

Parkinson Disease l: Introduction

Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as resting tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia (slowness of movement), and postural instability. Patients may notice hand tremors at rest, stiffness during movement, or a shuffling gait. In addition to motor features, non-motor symptoms include sleep disturbances, mood and behavioral changes, constipation, and cognitive impairment, all of which...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 22, 2026

Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice
08:27

Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice

Published on: March 11, 2020

Selective Cingulum Degeneration in Huntington's Disease: A Clinically Relevant Event.

Fedal Saini1,2,3,4, Ali Demir1,2, H Diana Rosas1,2

  • 1Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Huntington

Keywords:
Cingulum bundleDiffusion MRIFunctional declineHuntington's diseaseNODDI

More Related Videos

Fractionation for Resolution of Soluble and Insoluble Huntingtin Species
07:08

Fractionation for Resolution of Soluble and Insoluble Huntingtin Species

Published on: February 27, 2018

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI—Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease
09:06

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI—Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

Published on: June 9, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 22, 2026

Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice
08:27

Single Synapse Indicators of Glutamate Release and Uptake in Acute Brain Slices from Normal and Huntington Mice

Published on: March 11, 2020

Fractionation for Resolution of Soluble and Insoluble Huntingtin Species
07:08

Fractionation for Resolution of Soluble and Insoluble Huntingtin Species

Published on: February 27, 2018

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI—Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease
09:06

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI—Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease

Published on: June 9, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurodegenerative Diseases
  • Diffusion MRI

Background:

  • Huntington's disease (HD) is characterized by brain abnormalities, particularly in the cingulum bundle, which affects executive and emotional functions.
  • The cingulum bundle's vulnerability in HD warrants detailed investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze cross-sectional and longitudinal diffusion MRI changes in the cingulum bundle in HD.
  • To assess the clinical significance of these diffusion MRI changes in Huntington's disease.

Main Methods:

  • Longitudinal diffusion MRI study with 66 participants (HD, premanifest HD, controls) over ~4.8 years.
  • Analysis using free water elimination and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NDI).
  • Examined cingulate (CCG) and angular (CAB) subdivisions, correlating with UHDRS Total Functional Capacity (TFC).

Main Results:

  • Baseline HD showed widespread CCG diffusion alterations; CAB changes were limited.
  • Longitudinally, only the CCG exhibited progressive changes: reduced fractional anisotropy (FAt) and NDI, increased diffusivity and dispersion.
  • Declines in UHDRS TFC correlated with CCG NDI and FAt reduction.

Conclusions:

  • The posterior cingulate cortex (CCG) shows more extensive, progressive changes than the angular (CAB) in symptomatic HD.
  • Diffusion changes suggest axonal loss and demyelination in fronto-cingulate pathways.
  • Cingulate NDI and FAt are potential markers for tracking HD progression.