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Published on: October 6, 2016
Psychological and Clinical Risk Factors for Substance Use in People With and Without HIV.
Joanna M Hobson1, Shameka L Cody2, Shannon R Gilstrap1
1Department of Psychology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
Summary
People with HIV (PWH) reported more insomnia and substance use than those without HIV (PWoH). Heightened vigilance and depressive symptoms were linked to increased substance use in PWH.
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Limited research explores psychological factors influencing substance use in people with HIV (PWH).
- Understanding these factors is crucial for effective interventions.
- This study investigates heightened vigilance as a psychological factor in substance use among PWH.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between heightened vigilance and substance use outcomes in people with HIV (PWH) and people without HIV (PWoH).
- To identify key risk factors associated with substance use in these populations.
- To inform future research and interventions for PWH.
Main Methods:
- Recruited 138 participants from an HIV clinic and surrounding community.
- Administered urine drug screeners (UDS) and questionnaires.
- Analyzed associations between psychological factors, demographics, and substance use outcomes.
Main Results:
- People with HIV (PWH) reported greater insomnia, self-reported substance use, and tested positive for more substances than people without HIV (PWoH).
- Self-reported substance use was associated with male gender and higher vigilance.
- Having HIV, being African American, and greater depressive symptoms predicted greater UDS-confirmed substance use.
Conclusions:
- Psychological factors, including vigilance and depressive symptoms, play a significant role in substance use among PWH.
- Future research should focus on stress-induced vigilance, mental health, and substance use in PWH.
- Interventions addressing psychological well-being may reduce substance use in PWH.
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