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Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood01:19

Carbon Dioxide Transport in the Blood

Carbon dioxide (CO2) transport in the blood is critical to human physiology. On average, our body cells produce around 200 mL of CO2 per minute, precisely the quantity expelled by the lungs. This process involves the transportation of CO2 from the tissue cells to the lungs in three primary forms.
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In IR spectroscopy of carboxylic acids, the C=O bond shows a characteristic band between 1710 and 1760 cm⁻¹, and the O–H bond exhibits a broad band between 2500 and 3300 cm⁻¹.
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Updated: May 22, 2026

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements
10:22

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Published on: September 7, 2019

Computer Vision Enables Monitoring and Kinetic Analysis of Structurally Diverse Carbon Monoxide Surrogates.

Kristin Donnachie1, Ciaran Griffin1, Morven L Gray1

  • 1Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a computer vision method to quantify carbon monoxide (CO) release from diverse surrogates. This allows for precise selection of CO surrogates, improving synthetic chemistry and controlled gas release applications.

Keywords:
carbon monoxide surrogatescarbonylationcomputer visionkineticsreaction monitoring

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Area of Science:

  • Synthetic organic chemistry
  • Chemical kinetics
  • Analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Carbon monoxide (CO) surrogates offer safer alternatives to handling CO gas.
  • Quantitative understanding of CO release kinetics from diverse surrogates is lacking due to complex factors like structural diversity and varied reaction conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a non-contact method for monitoring and comparing CO release kinetics from various CO surrogates.
  • To establish a quantitative scoring system for CO surrogates based on their release profiles.
  • To investigate the impact of reaction parameters on CO release kinetics and correlate it with carbonylation reaction outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a non-contact computer vision approach to track the colorimetric response of a ruthenium-based chemosensor.
  • Employed two-chamber COware reactors to monitor CO release from 10 structurally diverse surrogates.
  • Developed a scoring system benchmarking surrogate CO flux against a CO balloon reference.

Main Results:

  • A fourfold range in surrogate reactivity scores was identified.
  • Systematic investigation revealed how base strength, solvent polarity, and stirring rate influence CO release kinetics.
  • Surrogate score showed a linear correlation with product conversion in Pd-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura carbonylation, indicating an inverse relationship with CO concentration.

Conclusions:

  • The developed computer vision method provides a quantitative assessment of CO surrogates.
  • This enables rational selection of CO surrogates for synthetic applications.
  • The findings open new avenues for the quantitative design of synthetic methodologies relying on controlled gas release.