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MicroRNAs in Oral Bio-Fluids as Predictive Biomarkers of Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Systematic Review.
Nikita Mohelay1, Puneet Batra1, Aditya Talwar1
1Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Manav Rachna Dental College, SDS, MRIIRS, Faridabad, Haryana, India.
Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research
|May 21, 2026
Summary
This review found that microRNAs (miRNAs) show potential as biomarkers for orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Further research is needed to confirm their role in oral biofluids during treatment.
Area of Science:
- Biomolecular Research
- Orthodontics
- Genetics
Background:
- MicroRNA (miRNA) expression changes during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM).
- Oral biofluids like saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) are accessible sources for biomarker detection.
- Understanding miRNA dynamics can offer insights into OTM mechanisms.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically review and assess the scientific evidence on miRNA expression during OTM.
- To identify potential miRNA biomarkers in oral biofluids for monitoring orthodontic treatment.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review following PRISMA guidelines.
- Searched Medline, Scopus, EBSCO Host, and ProQuest until June 2025.
- Included studies investigating miRNA expression in saliva/GCF during orthodontic treatment.
- Assessed risk of bias using QUADAS-2 and RoB-2 tools.
Main Results:
- Nine studies were selected from 2800 records.
- Thirteen miRNAs were identified as potential biomarkers for OTM regulation.
- RT-PCR and the Fluro meter were common miRNA estimation methods.
- Variations in sample collection (saliva/GCF) were noted.
Conclusions:
- Despite a high risk of bias in included studies, miRNAs show promise as biomarkers for OTM.
- miRNA detection in oral biofluids could aid in monitoring orthodontic treatment progress.
- Further high-quality research is warranted to validate these findings.
