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Updated: May 22, 2026

Tailoring In Vivo Cytotoxicity Assays to Study Immunodominance in Tumor-specific CD8+ T Cell Responses
Published on: May 6, 2019
Help! Male Hormones Dampen CD4+ T-cell Help in Cancer
Juyeun Lee1,2, Justin D Lathia2,3,4,5,6
1Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, Florida.
Abstract:
Sex differences in antitumor immunity contribute to disparities in cancer outcomes, yet the role of CD4+ T helper cells in this context remains poorly understood. In this issue, Hunt and colleagues show that sex hormones restrain CD4+ T-cell help in males, weakening antitumor immune responses and promoting tumor progression. This work identifies CD4+ T-cell help as a previously underappreciated driver of sex-biased cancer immunity, with potential implications for sex-informed immunotherapy strategies. See related article by Hunt et al., p. 1068.
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