[Artificial intelligence in urological surgery]

Area of Science:

• Robotics
• Artificial Intelligence
• Urology

Background:

• Urological robotic surgery is a data-rich environment ideal for AI development.
• Current AI integration focuses on supportive systems and data-driven analytics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To present the current state of AI in urological robotic surgery.
• To classify existing AI applications and evaluate autonomous systems.
• To consider technological, regulatory, and clinical aspects of AI integration.

Main Methods:

• Literature analysis and systematic review of robotic platforms.
• Inclusion of approved AI medical devices and preclinical developments.
• Consideration of international research initiatives for autonomous surgical systems.

Main Results:

• AI supports environment modeling and augmented reality (AR) navigation.
• Clinically approved platforms utilize AI for performance analytics and treatment planning.
• Increasing autonomy necessitates robust validation, regulation, and liability frameworks.

Conclusions:

• Urological robotic surgery is shifting towards semi-autonomous systems.
• Technological innovation and research programs drive this transition.
• Adaptations in surgical training, quality control, and legal frameworks are essential.