Avatar-led Digital Health Intervention for Sexual and Gender Minority Young Adult Smoking Cessation: Randomized
Jaimee L Heffner1, Kelsey Baker1, Xinyi Fan1
1Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, 1100 Fairview Ave N, M4-B204, PO Box 19024, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
Introduction:
Accessible, culturally-tailored interventions are needed to address the high prevalence of cigarette smoking and the challenges to cessation experienced by sexual and gender minority (SGM) young adults. This study evaluated, in a randomized, controlled pilot trial, the acceptability, preliminary cessation-related outcomes, and impact on theory-based change processes of the SGM-tailored, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT)-based Empowered, Queer, Quitting, and Living (EQQUAL) digital program relative to the National Cancer Institute's Smokefree.gov program.
Methods:
Participants were SGM young adults, aged 18-30, who smoked at least weekly. Participants were randomized 1:1 to either EQQUAL or Smokefree.gov, both of which included a web app and text messaging. Outcomes were assessed at 3 months post-randomization, and smoking abstinence was biochemically-verified.
Results:
The sample included 124 participants (n=63 in EQQUAL, n=61 in Smokefree.gov). On the primary acceptability outcomes, overall satisfaction was descriptively higher in the EQQUAL arm (68.8% vs. 60.0%; OR=1.17, 95% CI=0.50-2.78), and EQQUAL usability ratings exceeded the acceptable benchmark score of 68. The average number of EQQUAL digital sessions completed was 1.4 (of 6). On the primary cessation outcomes, biochemically-verified 7-day point prevalence abstinence was higher in EQQUAL than Smokefree.gov (11.1% vs. 4.9%; OR=1.89, 95% CI=0.45-9.66). Change in readiness to quit and cigarettes per day were similar between arms, as were outcomes of theory-based change processes.
Conclusions:
EQQUAL demonstrated potential benefits over Smokefree.gov on acceptability and cessation, albeit with a lack of robust effect on theory-based change processes. Increased engagement with the web-based portion of the program may be needed to improve outcomes.
