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Related Concept Videos

Power Factor Correction01:20

Power Factor Correction

The power transmission to a factory involves the transfer of apparent power, a combination of active and reactive power. The power factor measures how effectively electrical power is converted into useful work output. The ratio of the real power (KW) that does the work to the apparent power (KVA) supplied to the circuit.
Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control01:24

Frequency-Domain Interpretation of PD Control

Proportional-Derivative (PD) controllers are widely used in fan control systems to improve stability and performance. A fan control system can be effectively represented using a Bode plot to illustrate the impact of a PD controller through its transfer function. The Bode plot visually conveys how PD control modifies the fan's response across various frequencies, providing a frequency domain interpretation of the controller's behavior.
The proportional control gain, combined with the system's...
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear.
Block Diagram Reduction01:22

Block Diagram Reduction

The process of deriving the transfer function of a control system often involves reducing its block diagram to a single block. This simplification can be achieved through a series of strategic operations, including relocating branch points and comparators. These operations preserve the overall function of the system while allowing for easier manipulation and combination of blocks.
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...
Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow01:24

Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow

The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:
Downsampling01:20

Downsampling

When considering a sampled sequence with zero values between sampling instants, one can replace it by taking every N-th value of the sequence. At these integer multiples of N, the original and sampled sequences coincide. This process, known as decimation, involves extracting every N-th sample from a sequence, thereby creating a more efficient sequence.
The Fourier transform of the decimated sequence reveals a combination of scaled and shifted versions of the original spectrum. This...

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Related Experiment Videos

Graph-guided adaptive companding for PAPR reduction in power-domain NOMA systems.

Arun Kumar1, Mehedi Masud2, Mansor Alohali3

  • 1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Sikkim Manipal Institute of Technology, Sikkim Manipal University, Majitar, Rangpo, Sikkim, India.

Plos One
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new Graph-Guided Adaptive Companding (GGAC) method significantly reduces the high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR) in Power-domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (PD-NOMA) systems. This approach enhances energy efficiency and reliability for future 5G wireless networks.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Wireless communication systems
  • Signal processing

Background:

  • Power-domain Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (PD-NOMA) enhances spectral efficiency and connectivity in 5G/6G networks.
  • Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) combined with PD-NOMA leads to high Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), degrading power amplifier efficiency and reliability.
  • Existing PAPR reduction methods are inadequate for PD-NOMA due to multiuser coupling and sensitivity to successive interference cancellation (SIC).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel Graph-Guided Adaptive Companding (GGAC) framework for reducing PAPR in PD-NOMA systems.
  • To address the limitations of conventional companding schemes in handling PD-NOMA signal characteristics.
  • To improve the overall performance, including bit error rate (BER) and signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), of PD-NOMA systems.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling the composite PD-NOMA waveform as a graph with nodes representing signal components and edges representing power/interference relationships.
  • Utilizing graph-based importance metrics to assign node-specific companding parameters.
  • Selectively suppressing peak-dominant components while preserving low-power and SIC-critical user signal integrity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significant PAPR reduction, up to 10 dB higher than conventional PD-NOMA.
  • Demonstrated substantial improvements in BER and Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise Ratio (SINR).
  • Reduced out-of-band radiation by over 40 dB and preserved constellation geometry with lower error vector magnitude.

Conclusions:

  • GGAC offers an effective, low-complexity, and scalable solution for PAPR reduction in PD-NOMA systems.
  • The proposed framework enhances energy efficiency and reliability for future 5G wireless networks.
  • GGAC successfully addresses the challenges posed by high PAPR in multicarrier PD-NOMA systems.