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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

An Injectable and Drug-loaded Supramolecular Hydrogel for Local Catheter Injection into the Pig Heart
10:28

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Published on: June 7, 2015

Injectable Microenvironment-Responsive Hydrogel for Local Procyanidin B2 Delivery and Cardiac Ischemia-Reperfusion

Sida Qin1, Xu Zhan1, Haobo Sun1

  • 1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study developed a novel hydrogel to deliver procyanidin B2 (PCB2) for treating myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. The smart hydrogel effectively reduced oxidative stress and inflammation, improving cardiac function in a rat model.

Keywords:
dual-responsive hydrogelischemia−reperfusion injurymitochondrial dysfunctionoxidative stressprocyanidin B2

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Intramyocardial Transplantation of MSC-Loading Injectable Hydrogels after Myocardial Infarction in a Murine Model

Published on: September 20, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury is a significant cause of heart damage after acute myocardial infarction, driven by mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
  • Procyanidin B2 (PCB2) possesses antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but faces limitations in clinical application due to poor targeting and instability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a dual pH- and reactive oxygen species-responsive hydrogel for targeted, on-demand delivery of PCB2 to mitigate myocardial IR injury.
  • To investigate the therapeutic efficacy and underlying mechanisms of the PCB2-loaded hydrogel in preclinical models.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a poly(vinyl alcohol)-TSPBA hydrogel using phenylboronic acid ester cross-linking for responsive PCB2 release.
  • In vitro assessment of hydrogel properties, antioxidant capacity, cellular protection in cardiomyocytes, and anti-inflammatory effects on macrophages.
  • In vivo evaluation in a rat IR model, assessing cardiac function, infarct size, fibrosis, and mitochondrial integrity via histological and biochemical analyses.

Main Results:

  • The developed hydrogel demonstrated excellent mechanical properties and microenvironment responsiveness, enabling controlled PCB2 release.
  • In vitro studies confirmed the hydrogel's ability to scavenge radicals, protect cardiomyocytes from oxidative damage, and inhibit inflammatory responses.
  • In vivo, intramyocardial injection of the PCB2-loaded hydrogel significantly improved cardiac function, reduced infarct size and fibrosis, and restored mitochondrial integrity in a rat IR model.

Conclusions:

  • The dual-responsive hydrogel system provides an effective platform for targeted delivery of PCB2, offering a synergistic approach to combat myocardial IR injury.
  • This microenvironment-adaptive nanotherapeutic strategy shows promise for precision intervention in cardiovascular diseases, addressing limitations of conventional treatments.