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Updated: May 23, 2026

Optimizing Magnetic Force Microscopy Resolution and Sensitivity to Visualize Nanoscale Magnetic Domains
Published on: July 20, 2022
Magnon hydrodynamics in an atomically thin ferromagnet
Ruolan Xue1, Nikola Maksimovic2, Pavel E Dolgirev2
1John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
Abstract:
Strong interactions between particles can lead to emergent collective excitations. Spin waves, known as magnons, have been predicted to reach a strongly interacting hydrodynamic regime, where they form a slow collective density mode. In this work, we isolate exfoliated sheets of chromium trichloride (CrCl3), where magnon interactions are strong, and develop a technique to measure the collective magnon dynamics though nearby nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond. Thermal magnetic fluctuations generated by monolayer CrCl3 increase upon decreasing temperature; this anomalous trend may be a consequence of the damping rate of a low-energy magnon sound mode that sharpens as magnon interactions increase with increasing temperature. By measuring the magnetic fluctuations emitted by thin multilayer CrCl3 in the presence of a variable-frequency drive field, we obtain spectroscopic evidence for this two-dimensional magnon sound mode.
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