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Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
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Published on: June 13, 2021

Association Between Delivery Mode and Postpartum Psychiatric Conditions.

Samantha L Kruger1, Nicola Perlman, Elizabeth B Sherwin

  • 1Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology and the Division of Obstetric Anesthesiology, Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California; and the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and Pediatrics, Children's National Hospital, and the Department of Obstetrics, George Washington University School of Medicine, Washington, DC.

Obstetrics and Gynecology
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cesarean deliveries, whether planned or unplanned, are linked to a higher risk of new postpartum psychiatric conditions compared to vaginal births. Successful operative vaginal deliveries (OVD) showed similar risks to spontaneous vaginal births.

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Using a Murine Model of Psychosocial Stress in Pregnancy as a Translationally Relevant Paradigm for Psychiatric Disorders in Mothers and Infants
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Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents
07:30

Using Chronic Social Stress to Model Postpartum Depression in Lactating Rodents

Published on: June 10, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Maternal Mental Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Postpartum psychiatric conditions represent a significant public health concern.
  • Understanding risk factors associated with mode of delivery is crucial for maternal care.
  • Cesarean delivery rates have been increasing globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between different modes of delivery and the incidence of new postpartum psychiatric conditions.
  • To compare the risk of postpartum psychiatric conditions across spontaneous vaginal, operative vaginal, and various cesarean delivery types.

Main Methods:

  • Observational cohort study using a large US national obstetric database (2008-2022).
  • Included singleton live births, excluding those with prior psychiatric diagnoses or preterm birth (<37 weeks).
  • Analyzed five delivery modes: spontaneous vaginal, successful operative vaginal delivery (OVD), planned cesarean, unplanned cesarean without OVD, and unplanned cesarean after failed OVD.

Main Results:

  • Compared to spontaneous vaginal births, cesarean deliveries (planned, unplanned without OVD, unplanned after failed OVD) showed significantly higher risks of postpartum psychiatric conditions.
  • Specifically, planned cesareans (aRR 1.19) and unplanned cesareans (aRR 1.16-1.26) were associated with increased risk.
  • No significant difference in risk was observed between spontaneous vaginal births and successful operative vaginal deliveries (aRR 1.00).

Conclusions:

  • Cesarean delivery, both planned and unplanned, is associated with an increased risk of new postpartum psychiatric conditions.
  • Successful operative vaginal delivery does not appear to increase this risk compared to spontaneous vaginal birth.
  • Findings highlight the need for enhanced postpartum psychiatric surveillance following cesarean deliveries.