Effect of Integrated Internet-Based Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Behavioral Activation Among Ethnic Minority...

Alcohol use disorder (AUD) profoundly affected ethnic minority young adults due to unique stressors, such as acculturation challenges and discrimination. Our prior studies found that experiential avoidance behavior and discrimination significantly contributed to AUD. These findings warranted third-wave interventions, such as acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT). Nonetheless, barriers to engagement with value-based activities may affect ACT efficacy. Behavioral activation (BA) may be an alternative for this shortcoming. Integrating these interventions has shown promise. However, no studies evaluated its effectiveness in this group. Therefore, evaluating the preliminary effectiveness and feasibility of this intervention was needed.

This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility measures. The secondary objective aimed to examine its effectiveness on cumulative abstinence duration, drinking days, drinks per drinking day, heavy drinking days, alcohol abstinence self-efficacy, readiness to change, psychological flexibility (Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-version II), and everyday discrimination score.

A pilot parallel randomized controlled trial was conducted. Forty young ethnic minorities who can speak English and have AUD based on DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders [Fifth Edition]) criteria were recruited and randomly assigned to either Acceptance and Commitment Therapy with Behavioral Activation (ACT-BA; n=20) or Treatment-as-Usual (TAU; n=20) using a computer-generated random number; assessors were blinded to group assignment. Outcomes were collected at baseline (T0) and postintervention (T1). The analysis included descriptive statistics, independent samples t test, chi-square test, and generalized estimating equations with multiple imputations. To further supplement findings, a qualitative interview was conducted.

A total of 148 ethnic minority young adults were screened, with an eligibility rate of 38.5% (57/148). Of these, 85.9% (49/57) consented, and among them, 81.6% (40/49) were randomized to either the ACT-BA or TAU. The retention rate was 82.5% (33/40), of which 75% (30/40) completed the postintervention assessment (ACT-BA: 16/20, 80%; TAU: 14/20, 70%). The adherence rate was 81.7% (4.9/6 sessions), and participants reported no adverse effects. Finally, 40 participants (20 for each group) were analyzed. The intervention group showed a promising improvement in drinking days (B=-4.12, 95% CI -8.10 to -0.13; P=.04, d=-0.57), drinks per drinking day (B=-1.56, 95% CI -3.06 to -0.07; P=.04, d=-1.89), alcohol abstinence self-efficacy (B=11.95, 95% CI 0.10-23.81; P=.048, d=0.81), and Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-version II (B=-6.41, 95% CI -12.77 to -0.06; P=.04, d=-0.65).

This study, unlike existing evidence, presents an innovative integration of ACT and BA delivered via an internet-based self-help format. The findings contribute to the field by providing preliminary evidence that this integrated intervention is feasible and promising for AUD. The main implication in the real world is to conduct a fully powered randomized controlled trial to further examine its effectiveness with longer follow-up to serve as a stand-alone treatment option for ethnic minorities.