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Related Concept Videos

Ion-Exchange Chromatography01:09

Ion-Exchange Chromatography

Ion-exchange chromatography, or IEC, is a technique for separating ions based on their affinity for the stationary phase. The stationary phase is a cross-linked polymer resin with covalently attached ionic functional groups. The functional groups can be either positively charged (cation exchangers) or negatively charged (anion exchangers). A cation exchanger consists of a polymeric anion and active cations, while an anion exchanger is a polymeric cation with active anions. The choice of...
Ion Exchange01:17

Ion Exchange

Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or basic...
Optimizing Chromatographic Separations01:15

Optimizing Chromatographic Separations

Optimizing chromatographic separations is crucial for obtaining clean separations in a minimum amount of time. Optimization is required for several factors, including kinetic effects related to band broadening, plate height, capacity factor, and separation factor.
Band broadening refers to spreading solute bands as they travel through the column. This broadening can impact resolution. Plate height (H) represents the length required for one theoretical plate. A lower plate height corresponds to...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process01:05

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Elution Process

In High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), the elution process is critical to the separation of analytes and the quality of chromatographic results. Elution describes how compounds move through the column and separate based on their interactions with the mobile and stationary phases. This process determines the resolution, peak shape, and retention times in the chromatogram, which are essential for identifying and quantifying components in complex mixtures. Understanding the elution...
High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction01:11

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography: Introduction

High-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), formerly referred to as High-pressure liquid chromatography, is a powerful technique used to separate, identify, and quantify components in complex mixtures. The term "high pressure" refers to using high pressure to push the liquid mobile phase through the tightly packed columns.
In HPLC, two phases play a critical role in the separation process:
Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview01:27

Controlled-Current Coulometry: Overview

Controlled current coulometry, also known as amperostatic coulometry, is a technique used in electrochemical analysis to measure the quantity of a substance through the controlled passage of current. It involves the application of a constant current to an electrochemical cell containing the analyte of interest. As the current flows through the cell, the analyte undergoes a redox reaction at the electrode surface, resulting in a charge transfer. By monitoring the time required for a certain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEX) Coupled to Multi-angle Light Scattering (MALS) for Protein Separation and Characterization
10:41

Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEX) Coupled to Multi-angle Light Scattering (MALS) for Protein Separation and Characterization

Published on: April 5, 2019

Dynamic model-based control for process variations in ion-exchange chromatography.

Ruo-Que Mao1, Yu-Cheng Chen2, Yu-Xin Liao1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Biomass Chemical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Smart Biomaterials, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.

Journal of Chromatography. A
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Smart manufacturing enhances ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) by enabling autonomous control. A new model-based system dynamically optimizes elution gradients and collection windows, maintaining high purity and yield despite process variations.

Keywords:
BioseparationIon exchange chromatographyMechanistic modelModel predictive controlProcess optimization

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Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEX) Coupled to Multi-angle Light Scattering (MALS) for Protein Separation and Characterization
10:41

Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEX) Coupled to Multi-angle Light Scattering (MALS) for Protein Separation and Characterization

Published on: April 5, 2019

Online Size-exclusion and Ion-exchange Chromatography on a SAXS Beamline
11:09

Online Size-exclusion and Ion-exchange Chromatography on a SAXS Beamline

Published on: January 5, 2017

Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column Selection for Use in Protein Purification
10:21

Automated Hydrophobic Interaction Chromatography Column Selection for Use in Protein Purification

Published on: September 21, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and biochemical engineering
  • Chemical engineering and process control
  • Smart manufacturing applications

Background:

  • Ion-exchange chromatography (IEC) is crucial for purification but sensitive to process variations.
  • Conventional IEC relies on fixed conditions, limiting adaptability and robustness.
  • Smart manufacturing offers potential for predictive and autonomous decision-making in bioprocessing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a model-based control system for dynamic and autonomous optimization of IEC.
  • To address the limitations of predefined elution conditions in IEC.
  • To enhance process robustness and operational flexibility in IEC.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a model-based control system integrating mechanistic models (equilibrium dispersive and steric mass action models).
  • Used communication technologies to automatically determine and implement optimal elution gradients and collection windows.
  • Quantitatively predicted protein elution behavior under process variations.

Main Results:

  • Experimental validation demonstrated consistent purity above 96.0% and yield exceeding 88.0%.
  • The system maintained product quality and process performance despite significant process variability.
  • Achieved dynamic and simultaneous adjustment of elution gradient and collection window.

Conclusions:

  • The model-based control system transforms IEC from predefined to predictive and adaptive control.
  • This approach enhances process robustness and operational flexibility in biopharmaceutical purification.
  • Enables smart manufacturing capabilities for critical purification steps like IEC.