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New chalcogen-optimized 1,3,5-triazines as dual 5-HT6R/FAAH modulators: A versatile approach to neurodegenerative
Kinga Czarnota-Łydka1, Katarzyna Kucwaj-Brysz2, Agnieszka Cios3
1Chair of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology of Drugs, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL, Krakow, 30-688, Poland; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Łazarza 15, Krakow, 31-530, Poland.
New triazine compounds show promise for Alzheimer's disease treatment by targeting multiple pathways. Compound 4c demonstrated significant neuroprotection and improved memory in vivo, offering a potential disease-modifying therapy.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Medicinal Chemistry
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Selective serotonin 5-HT6 receptor antagonists have failed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) clinical trials.
- Multitarget therapeutic strategies are crucial for neurodegenerative diseases like AD.
- Previous work identified dual 5-HT6R/FAAH modulators based on O-ether triazine scaffolds.
Purpose of the Study:
- To optimize the lead compound MR3b, a triazine-based dual 5-HT6R/FAAH modulator, for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
- To explore structural modifications including scaffold contraction and chalcogen bioisosterism.
- To identify novel multitarget ligands with enhanced efficacy and safety profiles.
Main Methods:
- Synthesized a focused library of 1,3,5-triazine derivatives.
- Evaluated compounds for affinities to 5-HT6R, 5-HT2AR, D2R, and FAAH inhibition.
- Assessed neuroprotective effects in cellular AD models (mitochondrial dysfunction, amyloid-β, glutamate toxicity).
- Determined in vivo efficacy, CNS penetration, and safety of lead compounds in animal models.
Main Results:
- Several triazine derivatives exhibited nanomolar affinities for target receptors and improved FAAH inhibition.
- Sulfur and selenium substitutions enhanced receptor affinity and reduced cytotoxicity compared to oxygen analogues.
- Selected compounds showed significant neuroprotection in cellular AD models.
- Compound 4c reversed memory deficits in vivo, demonstrating superior CNS penetration and safety over MR3b.
Conclusions:
- Compound 4c emerged as a potent second-generation lead with multitargeting capabilities (serotonergic modulation and FAAH inhibition).
- This study highlights the potential of triazine-based ligands as disease-modifying candidates for AD and related neurodegenerative disorders.
- Optimized multitargeting strategies offer a promising avenue for developing effective AD therapeutics.
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