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Updated: May 23, 2026

A Training Program Using an Agility Ladder for Community-Dwelling Older Adults
Published on: March 7, 2020
Effectiveness of basic life support training with 4D for rural community-dwelling elderly in Taiwan: A pre-post study
Ching-Ching Su1, Hsin-Ju Tang2, Ya-Wen Kuo3
1Department of Nursing, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, and Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan.
Aims:
Older adults face increased risks of life-threatening emergencies, yet their capacity to learn BLS is often underestimated. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a rhythm-assisted 4D (Describe, Demo, Do, Debrief) BLS training in improving emergency response competencies among rural older adults.
Methods:
A one-group pre-post quasi-experimental design was conducted with 218 older adults across 18 rural communities in Taiwan. A 60-minute BLS session was delivered using structured, age-friendly teaching and rhythmic beats. Pre- and post-training knowledge, attitudes, confidence, and skills were assessed.
Results:
Significant gains were observed in all outcomes (p < 0.001). Age correlated negatively with post-training attitude, confidence, and skill performance, while prior BLS experience and marital status were positively linked to knowledge improvement.
Conclusions:
This innovative, low-cost BLS program effectively enhanced life-saving abilities in a vulnerable, underserved population. Structured, music-integrated training can empower older adults as first responders, addressing a critical gap in community emergency preparedness.
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