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Related Concept Videos

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway01:22

PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway

The mammalian target of rapamycin  (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1  (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2  (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast,  mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...
Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade01:22

Amplifying Signals via Enzymatic Cascade

When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze the...
Energy to Drive Translocation01:37

Energy to Drive Translocation

Mitochondrial protein import is powered by two distinct energy sources: ATP hydrolysis and electrochemical potential across the inner membrane. Newly synthesized precursors are bound by cytosolic chaperones of the Hsp70 family, which guide them to the import receptors on the mitochondrial surface. Utilizing the energy of ATP hydrolysis, Hsp70 chaperones transfer these precursors to the TOM receptors on the mitochondrial outer membrane.
Generally, polypeptides are unfolded by two distinct...
Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum01:34

Directing Proteins to the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum

The organelle-specific signaling sequences direct proteins synthesized in the cytosol to their final destination like ER, mitochondria, peroxisomes, etc. Some of the proteins directed to ER are then trafficked via vesicles to other organelles within the cell or the extracellular environment through the Golgi complex. For example, the rough ER synthesizes soluble proteins for transportation to the lysosomes or secretion out of the cell. It can also synthesize transmembrane proteins that can...
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Malachite Green Assay for the Discovery of Heat-Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors
07:57

Malachite Green Assay for the Discovery of Heat-Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors

Published on: January 20, 2023

Hsp90: A means to an end.

Katie M Whalen1, Brian C Freeman1

  • 1Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Illinois-Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Cell Stress & Chaperones
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) acts as a crucial gatekeeper in cellular protein quality control, influencing protein folding, maturation, and degradation. Understanding Hsp90

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Heat Shock Protein 90 (Hsp90) is central to maintaining protein homeostasis (proteostasis) within cells.
  • Hsp90 functions as a gatekeeper in the cellular protein quality control pathway, influencing folding, maturation, and degradation.
  • The precise mechanisms by which Hsp90 directs client proteins through quality control decisions remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the role of Hsp90 in linking polypeptide biogenesis with protein triage decisions.
  • To investigate the regulatory events governing the protein quality control decision route.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of exploiting Hsp90's interaction with proteolysis pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Exploration of Hsp90's involvement in nascent polypeptide folding and client maturation.
Keywords:
Hsp90Molecular chaperoneProteolysisProteostasis

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Studies of Chaperone-Cochaperone Interactions using Homogenous Bead-Based Assay
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Studies of Chaperone-Cochaperone Interactions using Homogenous Bead-Based Assay

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Exploring Biomolecular Interaction Between the Molecular Chaperone Hsp90 and Its Client Protein Kinase Cdc37 using Field-Effect Biosensing Technology
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Exploring Biomolecular Interaction Between the Molecular Chaperone Hsp90 and Its Client Protein Kinase Cdc37 using Field-Effect Biosensing Technology

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Malachite Green Assay for the Discovery of Heat-Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors
07:57

Malachite Green Assay for the Discovery of Heat-Shock Protein 90 Inhibitors

Published on: January 20, 2023

Studies of Chaperone-Cochaperone Interactions using Homogenous Bead-Based Assay
06:51

Studies of Chaperone-Cochaperone Interactions using Homogenous Bead-Based Assay

Published on: July 21, 2021

Exploring Biomolecular Interaction Between the Molecular Chaperone Hsp90 and Its Client Protein Kinase Cdc37 using Field-Effect Biosensing Technology
09:39

Exploring Biomolecular Interaction Between the Molecular Chaperone Hsp90 and Its Client Protein Kinase Cdc37 using Field-Effect Biosensing Technology

Published on: March 31, 2022

  • Analysis of modifications to the Hsp90 amino-terminal ATP-binding domain.
  • Investigation of Hsp90's connections to cellular proteolysis pathways.
  • Main Results:

    • Modifications to the Hsp90 ATP-binding domain can promote client protein degradation.
    • Hsp90 inhibitors can trigger the breakdown of clinically significant proteins.
    • Hsp90 plays a critical role in directing proteins towards either maintenance or degradation.

    Conclusions:

    • Hsp90 is a key regulator of protein triage, influencing the fate of cellular proteins.
    • Targeting Hsp90's interaction with proteolysis pathways offers a promising therapeutic strategy.
    • Further understanding of Hsp90's gatekeeper function is crucial for developing novel treatments.