Integrating Earth history into phylogenetic diversification models

The recent emergence of likelihood-based models and process-based macroevolutionary simulations integrating paleogeographic and paleoclimatic constraints marks a major step forward in linking Earth's history to biodiversity dynamics. These advances enable deeper insights into how paleoenvironmental changes shape diversification, but significant challenges remain when integrating Earth and life sciences data due to differences in data types, uncertainties, and disparities in spatial and temporal resolution. This review synthesizes current practices, tools, and limitations in merging Earth science data with macroevolutionary models, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaboration and practical guidelines for resource selection and uncertainty management. Addressing these challenges will refine our understanding of how past environmental changes drove evolutionary patterns, bridging Earth and life sciences.