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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings.
Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II01:25

Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis II

Nursing diagnoses represent a problem validated by major defining characteristics. There are four categories of nursing diagnoses: problem-focused, risk, health promotion or wellness, and syndrome. The anatomy of a nursing diagnosis includes three components: problem statement or diagnostic label, defining characteristics, and related factors.
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Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)01:27

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) serves as the primary classification system for mental health disorders, providing standardized diagnostic criteria for clinicians and researchers. First published by the American Psychiatric Association (APA) in 1952, the DSM has undergone several revisions to reflect evolving psychiatric understanding. The fifth edition, DSM-5, released in 2013, introduced key updates that expanded diagnostic categories and modified diagnostic...
Oppositional Defiant Disorder01:30

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Modeling in Therapy01:26

Modeling in Therapy

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Participant Modeling
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Formulating and Validating Nursing Diagnosis I

A nursing diagnosis is written when the nurse recognizes a cluster of essential patient data indicating health problems treated with independent nursing interventions. The standardized terminologies of a nursing diagnosis help nurses identify and treat patients' problems. Every electronic health record that uses nursing diagnosis must employ standard diagnostic terminology. Developing an efficient, individualized care plan begins with accurate nursing diagnoses.
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Updated: May 23, 2026

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
10:02

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Breaking down the ADHD construct to build a valid diagnosis.

Kinga Szymaniak1,2, Erica Bell1,2, Gurubhaskar Shivakumar1,2,3

  • 1Academic Department of Psychiatry, Kolling Institute, Northern Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.

Acta Neuropsychiatrica
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnostic criteria are vague and arbitrary, potentially leading to overdiagnosis. Reconstructing these criteria is essential for accurate ADHD diagnosis and improved patient care.

Keywords:
Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, Text Revision)diagnostic criteriareliabilityvalidity

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Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)
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Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol
13:09

Using Brain Activation (nir-HEG/Q-EEG) and Execution Measures (CPTs) in a ADHD Assessment Protocol

Published on: April 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with increasing public and clinical attention.
  • Rising ADHD diagnoses raise concerns about potential overdiagnosis versus improved detection.
  • Current understanding and diagnostic precision for ADHD remain limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically deconstruct the diagnostic criteria for ADHD as defined by DSM-5-TR.
  • To identify fundamental issues within the current ADHD diagnostic framework.
  • To lay the groundwork for a more valid and reliable ADHD diagnostic foundation.

Main Methods:

  • In-depth analysis of DSM-5-TR diagnostic criteria for ADHD.
  • Examination of criteria related to arbitrariness, vagueness, redundancy, and context-dependent normality.
  • Critical deconstruction of the ADHD diagnostic construct.

Main Results:

  • DSM-5-TR ADHD criteria exhibit significant arbitrariness and vagueness.
  • Redundancy and context-dependent normality further undermine diagnostic validity and reliability.
  • These issues collectively impact ADHD research precision, clinical decisions, and treatment effectiveness.

Conclusions:

  • The current ADHD diagnostic criteria are fundamentally flawed, impacting construct validity.
  • Reconstruction of ADHD diagnostic criteria is necessary for clinical and research advancement.
  • A robust diagnostic foundation is crucial for improving care for individuals with attentional and hyperactivity-impulsivity issues.