Linking compression mechanics and pressure redistribution in hybrid support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention

Pressure ulcers are a major concern for individuals with limited mobility. This study developed six hybrid textile-based support surfaces as low-cost, non-electric alternatives for pressure redistribution. Each surface was constructed by layering cotton pile and spacer fabrics to achieve mechanical gradation and improved body conformity. Compression behavior and interface pressure distribution were systematically analyzed in supine and lateral postures using a proof-of-concept model. To ensure reliability, triplicate measurements were averaged after a 30-second stabilization period. The results demonstrated that higher compression work and elastic modulus were associated with lower peak interface pressures, while greater yield strain increased contact area and enhanced conformity. All investigated hybrid designs showed superior pressure redistribution performance compared to the control surface, effectively mitigating pressure concentration. These findings provide evidence-based design guidelines for affordable, ergonomically optimized support surfaces that can improve safety and quality of life for individuals at risk of pressure ulcers. By linking textile mechanics with clinical performance, this work advances the translation of textile engineering innovations into practical assistive technologies for institutional and home care settings.