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Related Concept Videos

Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System01:29

Issues And Trends In Healthcare Delivery System

The issues and trends in healthcare delivery are constantly changing. The COVID-19 pandemic is one recent issue that wreaked havoc on healthcare systems, causing a shortage of healthcare workers, high demand for medicines and supplies, and increased medical expenditure due to a lack of insurance. Other issues include rising healthcare costs and care fragmentation.
Cost Containment
Payment for healthcare services has historically promoted adoption of costly and often unnecessary or inefficient...
Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS01:17

Design Example: Alignment of a Road Line Using GIS

The alignment of a road line using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) is a critical process in civil engineering, combining advanced technology with practical decision-making. This methodology begins with the collection of geospatial data, including information on land cover, geomorphology, drainage patterns, slope, and contour details. Such data is typically acquired through satellite imagery and GIS tools, offering a comprehensive understanding of the terrain.Once the data is gathered, it...
Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow01:24

Fast Decoupled and DC Powerflow

The fast decoupled power flow method addresses contingencies in power system operations, such as generator outages or transmission line failures. This method provides quick power flow solutions, essential for real-time system adjustments. Fast decoupled power flow algorithms simplify the Jacobian matrix by neglecting certain elements, leading to two sets of decoupled equations:
Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway01:11

IP3/DAG Signaling Pathway

Membrane lipids such as phosphatidylinositol (PI) are precursors for several membrane-bound and soluble second messengers. Specific kinases phosphorylate PI and produce phosphorylated inositol phospholipids. One such inositol phospholipids are the  phosphatidylinositol-4,5 bisphosphate [PI(4,5)P2], present in the inner half of the lipid bilayer. Upon ligand binding, GPCR stimulates Gq proteins to turn on phospholipase Cꞵ. Activated phospholipase Cꞵ cleaves PI(4,5)P2 and produces two-second...
Block Diagram Reduction01:22

Block Diagram Reduction

The process of deriving the transfer function of a control system often involves reducing its block diagram to a single block. This simplification can be achieved through a series of strategic operations, including relocating branch points and comparators. These operations preserve the overall function of the system while allowing for easier manipulation and combination of blocks.
The first step in this process is the identification and relocation of a branch point. A branch point, where a...

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Related Experiment Videos

A blockchain enabled IoT routing framework improving security and performance in smart cities.

Sumaira Johar1, Naveed Ahmad2, Afsheen Khalid3

  • 1Institute of Management Sciences (IMSciences), Peshawar, Pakistan. sumaira.johar@imsciences.edu.pk.

Scientific Reports
|May 21, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a blockchain-based routing framework for Internet of Things (IoT) in smart cities. It enhances security and performance, improving throughput and reducing latency compared to traditional methods.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Computer Science
  • Network Security
  • Distributed Systems

Background:

  • Smart city IoT integration presents scalability, reliability, and security challenges.
  • Traditional routing protocols struggle with data integrity and cyber threats in large networks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a blockchain-enabled secure IoT routing framework for smart cities.
  • To enhance trust, routing efficiency, and network attack mitigation.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated Hyperledger Fabric with Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus.
  • Implemented immutable identity verification, consensus-based route validation, and anomaly detection.
  • Conducted NS-3 simulations comparing the framework against 6TiSCH, SDN-based routing, and ROLL.

Main Results:

  • Improved throughput by ~30% and reduced latency by up to 40%.
  • Increased Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) by up to 8% points.
  • Significantly reduced successful security breaches (blackhole, spoofing attacks).

Conclusions:

  • Blockchain offers secure, scalable, and high-performance IoT networking for smart cities.
  • The proposed framework effectively addresses limitations of traditional routing protocols.