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MASLD prevalence, incidence and global aspects

Sarah H Wild1, Jeffrey V Lazarus2,3,4, C Wendy Spearman5

  • 1Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK. sarah.wild@ed.ac.uk.

Diabetologia
|May 21, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is closely linked to obesity and type 2 diabetes. This review examines the global burden of MASLD, focusing on diverse populations and health equity.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Gastroenterology
  • Endocrinology and Metabolism
  • Public Health and Epidemiology

Background:

  • Obesity and type 2 diabetes are central to the development and outcomes of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD).
  • The global epidemics of obesity and type 2 diabetes directly influence the current and future burden of MASLD.
  • Understanding MASLD's impact is critical due to its strong ties with prevalent chronic diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review estimates of the global MASLD burden, including prevalence, incidence, and associated disability.
  • To highlight regional variations in MASLD prevalence, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and the Asia Pacific.
  • To explore the influence of social determinants of health on MASLD and identify opportunities for health equity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing data on MASLD prevalence and incidence.
  • Analysis of epidemiological transition and its impact on non-communicable diseases in key regions.
  • Examination of social determinants of health influencing MASLD outcomes.

Main Results:

  • MASLD prevalence estimates vary significantly across different global populations.
  • Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia Pacific regions show rapid increases in MASLD due to population growth and epidemiological transition.
  • Social determinants like socioeconomic status and access to care significantly impact MASLD.

Conclusions:

  • MASLD represents a growing global health challenge, intrinsically linked to metabolic epidemics.
  • Addressing regional disparities and social determinants is crucial for equitable MASLD prevention and management.
  • Further research and targeted interventions are needed to mitigate the worldwide burden of MASLD.
Keywords:
EnvironmentGlobal burden of diseaseIncidenceLiver diseaseMASLDMetabolic dysfunctionPrevalenceReviewSocial determinants of healthType 2 diabetes

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