A multimodal ROS generation and bimodal ferroptosis and cuproptosis self-reinforced strategy for effective bone...

Bone metastasis is a common complication in patients with advanced breast cancer, which can seriously damage the quality of life of patients and shorten their overall survival. About 70% of late patients will have bone metastasis, which often leads to serious bone-related events. In clinical practice, early and accurate diagnosis and treatment of bone metastasis are still major challenges. In this study, we have developed a new type of integrated nano diagnostic material (CuO_x), which combines photoacoustic imaging (PAI) with multi-mode cancer treatment ability to accurately identify and effectively eliminate bone metastasis in the early stage. CuO_x effectively induces oxidative stress by consuming antioxidants (GSH and Cys) and generating reactive oxygen substances through multiple pathways, including photodynamic therapy, peroxidase-like activity and Fenton-like reactions. This multifaceted method not only enhances the therapeutic effect by triggering self-reinforcing iron death and copper death mechanisms, but also provides accurate imaging through PAI. Experimental data from in vitro and in vivo studies show that CuO_x can significantly inhibit the progress of bone metastasis and clearly show the location of the tumor, providing a new strategy for early diagnosis and treatment. In summary, as an innovative nano-diagnosis material integrating diagnostic and therapeutic functions, CuO_x provides a unified and effective method to overcome the difficulties of bone metastasis diagnosis and treatment.