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Discrimination and self-harm outcomes among college students: The paradoxical moderating effect of belongingness
Jocelyn I Meza1, Juliane Martinez1, Phuc T Nguyen2
1Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA.
Objective:
This study examines the associations between discrimination and suicidality, and the moderating role of sense of belonging.
Participants:
Data came from a sample of 66,497 college students (Mage = 23.4; SDage = 7.3) in a nationally representative study.
Methods:
Multilevel logistic regressions examined associations between discrimination and suicidality-including suicidal ideation (SI), suicide attempts (SA), and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI)-and moderating effects of belonging.
Results:
Discrimination was associated with greater odds of NSSI (OR = 1.21, p < 0.001), SI (OR = 1.29, p < 0.001), and SA (OR = 1.46, p < 0.001). Belonging moderated these associations: NSSI (OR = 1.02, p < 0.001), SI (OR = 1.04, p < 0.001), and SA (OR = 1.05, p = 0.010).
Conclusion:
Findings revealed a paradoxical pattern: although belonging was associated with reduced odds of suicidality, discrimination was more strongly associated with suicidality among students with higher belonging.
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