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Effects of Heavy Personal Protection Equipment on Muscle Activation and Motor Behavior During Explosive Ordnance
Yi-Ning Wu1,2, Adam Norton2, Michael R Zielinski3
1Department of Physical Therapy and Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.
Human Factors
|May 22, 2026
Summary
Wearing explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) personal protective equipment (PPE) increases muscle demands, especially in the thighs, and alters movement, potentially raising injury risk. This research highlights the need for protective gear adaptations.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Human Factors Engineering
- Occupational Health
Background:
- Explosive ordnance disposal (EOD) personal protective equipment (PPE) is crucial for technician safety but is heavy and movement-restrictive.
- The impact of EOD PPE on wearer movement and muscle activation during operational tasks is not well understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate muscle activation and movement patterns in the lower back and legs during EOD tasks.
- To evaluate the effects of EOD PPE on performance and physiological responses.
Main Methods:
- Sixteen participants performed six challenging EOD tasks with and without EOD PPE.
- Electromyography (EMG), force plates, and motion capture were used to measure biomechanical data.
Main Results:
- Task-dependent, asymmetrical muscle activation was observed, with higher demands during bending, lifting, and stair climbing.
- Reduced ankle muscle activation occurred when carrying heavy loads, and decreased center of pressure displacement was noted during bending and rising.
- Wearing EOD PPE amplified thigh muscle activation and potentially restricted movement, increasing hip vulnerability.
Conclusions:
- EOD PPE significantly alters biomechanics, increasing muscle demands and potentially leading to musculoskeletal injuries.
- Understanding these motor adaptations is vital for developing strategies like exoskeletons, ergonomic designs, and targeted training to mitigate strain and protect technician health.
