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Characterization of a Headspace Sampling Method with a Five Component Diesel Fuel Surrogate.

Megan E Harries¹, Samuel S Wasserman¹, Jennifer L Berry¹

¹Applied Chemicals and Materials Division, Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, U.S.A.

Forensic Chemistry (Amsterdam, Netherlands)

|May 22, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

PLOT-cryoadsorption offers advantages for fire debris analysis by concentrating vapors. Optimal flow rates and higher sample temperatures improve analyte collection and composition, enhancing ignitable liquid residue extraction.

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Area of Science:

Forensic Science
Analytical Chemistry

Background:

Passive headspace concentration using activated charcoal strips (ACSs) has limitations for fire debris analysis.
PLOT-cryoadsorption offers potential advantages for extracting ignitable liquid (IL) residue.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate sampling parameters for PLOT-cryoadsorption in fire debris analysis.
Determine the effect of flow rate and sample temperature on headspace vapor composition and distribution.

Main Methods:

Utilized a five-component surrogate for diesel fuel.
Analyzed headspace vapor composition and spatial distribution under varying flow rates (≤1.5 scc/min) and temperatures (60 °C–120 °C).

Main Results:

Flow rates at or below 1.5 scc/min provided the most repeatable results.
Higher sample temperatures (60 °C–120 °C) increased total analyte collection and favored lower-volatility components.
Higher-volatility components moved further along the capillary and were more susceptible to breakthrough.

Conclusions:

The surrogate mixture enabled effective, quantitative comparisons of sampling conditions.
PLOT-cryoadsorption parameters require optimization for real-world fire debris analysis.
Findings are translatable to the analysis of real diesel fuel.