Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per minute.
Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias01:30

Dysrhythmias V: Evaluating Dysrhythmias

Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that range from benign to life-threatening. A thorough evaluation is crucial for appropriate management and involves a comprehensive medical history, physical examination, and various diagnostic tests.Medical HistorySymptoms: Collect detailed information on palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest pain, and fatigue. Note their onset, frequency, and triggers.Previous Cardiac Issues: Document any history of heart...
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same journal

Prevalence and Discrimination of On-going Fibrillation in Isolated Pulmonary Vein in Non-paroxysmal AF Ablation.

Arrhythmia & electrophysiology review·2026
Same journal

Who Benefits Most? Patient Selection for Atrial Fibrillation Catheter Ablation in Heart Failure.

Arrhythmia & electrophysiology review·2026
Same journal

Idiopathic Ventricular Arrhythmias: Map Meticulously, Ablate Sparingly.

Arrhythmia & electrophysiology review·2026
Same journal

T Wave Oversensing in Left Bundle Branch Optimised CRT.

Arrhythmia & electrophysiology review·2026
Same journal

Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation for Arrhythmia-induced Cardiomyopathy in Infants: A Case Series and Literature Review.

Arrhythmia & electrophysiology review·2026
Same journal

Ablation Methods and Catheter Settings for Ventricular Tachycardia Ablation: A Bench to Bedside Review: Part 2.

Arrhythmia & electrophysiology review·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2026

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

Device-detected Atrial Fibrillation: How Much is Too Much?

Jude Scott1

  • 1Pacing Department, St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust London, UK.

Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review
|May 22, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Managing subclinical atrial fibrillation (SCAF) requires a personalized approach. Phenotype-led anticoagulation, considering patient risk factors and SCAF burden, offers a more effective strategy than solely relying on episode duration.

Keywords:
Atrial fibrillationanticoagulationatrial high-rate episodesbleedingphenotypestrokesubclinical AF

More Related Videos

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
23:33

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
08:10

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2026

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 26, 2013

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation
23:33

The WATCHMAN Left Atrial Appendage Closure Device for Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: February 28, 2012

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation
08:10

Estimating Bilateral Atrial Function by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Feature Tracking in Patients with Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation

Published on: July 20, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Device Technology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Device-detected atrial fibrillation, also known as subclinical atrial fibrillation (SCAF), presents a clinical challenge regarding anticoagulation therapy.
  • Balancing the stroke risk reduction benefits of oral anticoagulation (OAC) against the inherent risk of major bleeding is complex in SCAF management.
  • Current reliance on episode duration thresholds for OAC decisions in SCAF is insufficient and lacks consistent risk stratification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate the utility of episode duration as a sole determinant for initiating anticoagulation in subclinical atrial fibrillation.
  • To propose and outline a novel framework for anticoagulation decision-making in SCAF, emphasizing patient phenotypes and SCAF burden.
  • To address the clinical uncertainty surrounding SCAF episodes, particularly those under 24 hours, by providing a structured management pathway.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of trial results to assess the predictive value of SCAF frequency and longest episode duration for identifying high-risk individuals.
  • Development of a phenotype-led anticoagulation strategy, incorporating vascular disease and absolute risk assessment to guide OAC decisions.
  • Implementation of a burden-led workflow for triage, monitoring intensity, and escalation decisions within a device-clinic pathway.
  • Inclusion of electrogram adjudication as an entry criterion and utilization of burden and phenotype classes for OAC selection.

Main Results:

  • Baseline SCAF frequency and longest episode duration do not reliably identify subgroups requiring anticoagulation.
  • Duration-only thresholding is an unstable primary tool for guiding anticoagulation therapy in SCAF.
  • Phenotype-led anticoagulation, considering patient-specific factors, provides a more robust approach to OAC selection.

Conclusions:

  • A universal episode-duration threshold is inadequate for managing subclinical atrial fibrillation and guiding anticoagulation.
  • A phenotype-led anticoagulation strategy, coupled with a burden-led workflow, offers a practical and effective alternative for SCAF management.
  • This proposed framework enhances clinical decision-making for SCAF, particularly for episodes below 24 hours, by integrating patient risk and SCAF burden.